Simon Kamuzinzi
Muri iki gihembwe cy’ihinga A kirangwa n’imvura y’umuhindo, hari ushobora kuvuga ko yakererewe kurima amasinde n’intabire mu murima we, nyamara bitakiri ngombwa, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’abahanga bakorera Ishuri rikuru ry’u Rwanda ryigisha Ubuhinzi bubungabunga Ubutaka (Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture – RICA) hamwe na Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (MINAGRI).
Izi mpuguke zivuga ko uburyo bwo gutera imyaka utabanje guhinga (kurima ubutaka) bitanga umusaruro mwinshi, bikarinda ubutaka kuma, kwangirika no gutwarwa n’isuri, ndetse bikarinda umuhinzi gutanga amafaranga yo guhindura umurima we intabire cyangwa amasinde, kandi ko bitamurushya abagara kuko umurima utwikiriye utajya umeramo ibyatsi bindi bitatewe.
Birahagije gufata isuka ukagenda uharura gusa cyangwa utema ibyatsi biri mu murima, ugacukura umwobo (ariko udakuyemo itaka ryawo) ugateramo urubuto muri santimetero zitarenga eshanu kugira ngo utarubuza kumera, hanyuma ugasasira.
RICA, MINAGRI hamwe n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta witwa ‘Mennonite Central Committee’ ndetse n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Ibiribwa ku isi “World Food Programme Rwanda WFP/PAM”, biyemeje gufatanya guteza imbere ubu buryo bushya bwo guhinga utangije ubutaka.
Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije muri RICA ushinzwe ubushakashatsi no kwagura ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka, Dr Ndambe Nzaramba Magnifique, avuga ko kugira ngo ubutaka bw’u Rwanda bukomeze gutanga umusaruro, abantu bakwiye kwirinda kurima amasinde no kubuhindura intabire, ahubwo bagasabwa kubutwikiriza ibisigazwa by’imyaka nyuma yo gusarura, hamwe no gusimburanya ibihingwa.
Dr Nzaramba ati “Mu mahame y’ingenzi y’ubu buhinzi butangiza ubutaka, icya mbere ni ukutarimagura ubutaka kuko bibuteza umwuma (imyaka yateweho igahita yuma) ndetse n’intungabihingwa ziburimo zigapfa.”
Ati “Iri hame rya mbere ryo kutarimagura ubutaka rikubiyemo gukoresha uburyo bwo kudahinga (no-till) cyangwa guhinga gake (minimum-till) mu gihe cyo gutera imbuto no kurwanya ibyatsi byangiza, bidasabye guhingagura umurima wose. Ibi bituma habaho kwiyongera kw’ibinyabuzima mu butaka kandi bukagumana umwimerere wabwo, bukabika amazi igihe kirekire, ndetse bikagabanya n’isuri.”
Guhorana ubutaka butwikiriye
Ihame rya kabiri, nk’uko Dr Nzaramba akomeza abisobanura, ni ukugira ubutaka buhora butwikiriye. Ibi bikubiyemo gutera ibihingwa bitwikira ubutaka mu bihe bitandukanye by’ihinga, gusiga ibisigazwa by’imyaka mu murima nyuma yo gusarura, hamwe no gukoresha isaso ivuye ahandi (mulch) aho bishoboka.
Gutwikira ubutaka bigabanya isuri, intungabihingwa zikagumamo, ubutaka bukabika amazi ku buryo bifasha abahinzi guhangana n’amapfa.
Dr Nzaramba ati “Ugomba gutwikiriza ubutaka ibyasigaye mu mirima (ibishogoshogo cyangwa ibikenyeri) nyuma yo gusarura, wajya no gutera imbuto ukirinda kuyishyira kure cyane harenze santimetero (cm) 5 munsi y’ubutaka, kuko uba urimo kuyitsikamira uyibuza kumera.”
Gusimburanya imyaka mu murima(crop rotation)
Ihame rya gatatu ni ugusimburanya ibihingwa mu bihe bitandukanye by’ihinga (crop/plant rotation) cyangwa kuvanga imyaka itandukanye mu murima umwe (intercropping).
Iyi mikorere ifasha kongera intungagihingwa mu butaka, kubugira bwiza, bikajyana no kongera umusaruro, bikanafasha gukumira kwiyongera kw’indwara n’ibyonnyi.
RICA hamwe na PAM/WFP bivuga ko bizafatanya na Leta y’u Rwanda kuvugurura ubuhinzi, hakagenderwa ku mahame yo kurinda ubutaka gukomereka no gutakaza umwimerere wabwo.
Dr Nzaramba avuga ko ubu buryo bushya bwo guhinga bumaze kugaragaza ko umusaruro wikuba inshuro zibarirwa hagati ya 5-6, iyo ubutaka butarimwe, bwatwikiriwe, hatewe imbuto nziza kandi hatakoreshejwe ifumbire n’imiti birenze urugero.
Ubuhinzi burinda abantu imvune no guhomba amafaranga yabo
Abahinzi, cyane cyane abagore birirwaga mu mirima, ntabwo bazongera gutakaza igihe kinini muri iyo mirimo, bikazabafasha kuzigama amafaranga n’umwanya bari gukoresha mu gutegura intabire.
Umuhinzi ukorera mu Murenge wa Nasho mu Karere ka Kirehe, Gakuba Jonas, avuga ko ubutaka bwabo butagisharira, bitewe no gusimburanya imyaka, gusasira hamwe no kwirinda kuburimagura.
Gakuba agira ati “Impamvu nshimira ubu buhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka ni uko hari igishoro cyinshi bwagabanyije, nta kurima umurima uritura amasinde, kubagara na byo ntibikomeye kubera ko wa murima twawusasiye, nta byatsi bimeramo cyane.”
Hegitare zirenga ibihumbi 100 muri 2029 zizaba zihingwaho neza
MINAGRI ivuga ko iyi mihingire itangiza ubutaka izafasha Leta kugera ku ntego za gahunda ya gatanu yo kuvugurura ubuhinzi yiswe Strategic Plan for Agriculture Transformation(PSTA5) yatangiye muri 2024 kugera muri 2029.
Umuyobozi Mukuru muri MINAGRI ushinzwe Ubuhinzi buvuguruye, Dr Patrick Karangwa, yagize ati “Dufite intego yo kugera nibura kuri hegitare ibihumbi 100
(muri 2029) zihinzwe mu buryo bubungabunga ubutaka, ubu aho tugeze ni kuri hegitare zirenga 1,100.”
Dr Karangwa avuga ko hafi 1/2 cy’utugari twose mu Rwanda hari uturima tw’icyitegererezo abantu bareberaho ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka, ndetse ko kugeza ubu abahinzi barenga ibihumbi 21 hirya no hino mu Gihugu bamaze kwigishwa kuzatoza abandi ubwo buhinzi, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’Ikigo RAB.
Dr Karangwa ashima ko gukora ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka birimo kurwanya isuri no kurinda ubutaka kumagara no gukayuka, aho buhorana ubuhehere kubera gutwikirwa, kandi bugatanga umusaruro kuko imyaka ihora isimburana n’indi mu mirima, isaso y’ibyatsi biyikomokaho na byo bikaba ifumbire.
Uruhare rw’abafatanyabikorwa
Umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda zo kwihaza mu biribwa mu muryango Mennonite Central Committee(MCC), Thomas Habanabakize, avuga ko imirima shuri (Farm Field School) yashyizweho hirya no hino mu gihugu, aho buri murima uhuriza hamwe abahinzi 30 bagahabwa amahugurwa, nyuma bagakoresha ubwo bumenyi mu mirima yabo bwite, ari na ko buri wese atoza abaturanyi be nibura batanu.
Umuyobozi w’Ikigo cyigisha ubuhinzi bubungabunga ubutaka ‘Center for No-Till Agriculture (CNTA) cyo muri Ghana, Dr Kofi Boa, na we agaragaza uburyo uturere tugwamo imvura nyinshi two mu misozi mirere y’u Rwanda twibasirwa n’isuri, igatwara ubutaka bwiza nyuma yo kubugira intabire.
Inyigo yakozwe muri Gicurasi 2022 n’Urwego rushinzwe Umutungo Kamere w’Amazi mu Rwanda, RWB, ku bufatanye n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wita ku kubungabunga Ibidukikije (IUCN), yagaragaje ko hegitari 1,080,168 z’ubutaka bw’u Rwanda (zingana na 45% by’ubuso bwose bw’ubutaka bw’Igihugu), ziri mu byago byo kwibasirwa n’isuri(ahanini bitewe n’imirimo y’ubuhinzi ibukorerwaho).
Iyo nyigo ikavuga ko u Rwanda rutakaza toni miliyoni 27 z’ubutaka burumbuka buri mwaka kubera isuri, ari na ko biteza imigezi, ibishanga n’ibiyaga kuzuramo isayo no kubangamira imirimo y’ubuhinzi mu bishanga, ndetse bigateza igihombo kirenga miliyari 1,000 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda buri mwaka.
