Simon Kamuzinzi
Isi igizwe n’imigabane ya Afurika, Amerika, u Burayi, Aziya na Oceyaniya, ikaba ituwe n’abagera kuri miliyari 8, batwikiriwe n’akayunguruzo k’izuba (kitwa Ozone) kabatera gushyuha nk’abari mu cyumba cy’imfungane kitagira idirishya, n’ubwo bibikiye undi mugabane udatuwe wagereranywa na firigo (Air Conditioner) itanga umwuka ufite ubuhehere hamwe n’amazi akonje kurusha avuye mu kabindi.
KIGALIINFO iragutembereza kuri uyu mugabane ufatiye isi runini kuko uyirinda kwibasirwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije, ukayirinda imitingito n’iruka ry’ibirunga, ukaba inkomoko y’amazi n’umwuka bisukuye, aho bamara amezi 6 ari ku manywa, ndetse n’ijoro ryagera na bwo hagashira andi mezi 6 bari mu mwijima n’itumba.
Umugabane wa Antarctica ni uwa kane ku isi mu bunini nyuma ya Aziya, Amerika na Afurika, ukaba ufite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 14 ariko zo zitari ubutaka busanzwe gusa, ahubwo hari igice kinini cyane kigizwe n’ibitare by’urubura(ice sheet) rw’amazi akonje cyane kandi asukuye, atagira ikintu cyivanzemo.
Antarctica, umugabane wo ku mpera yo hepfo y’isi(South Pole) wo ntabwo utuwe nk’uko Arctica yo ku mpera ya ruguru y’isi bimeze. Antarctica ikaba itarigeze yangizwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu, bitewe n’uko irinzwe n’amasezerano yiswe ‘Antarctic Treaty’ abuza ibihugu byose ku isi kuyiyitirira.
Usibye abantu bajyayo kuhakora ubushakashatsi bakahamara amezi make, kuri Antarctica nta muturage washobora kuhatura bitewe n’ubukonje bwaho bujya bugera kuri degre Selisiyusi 89 munsi ya zero.
Ni umugabane ubitse 90% by’amazi y’umwimerere agize isi, atarakoreshwa cyangwa ngo ahumanywe n’abantu bayagendamo cyangwa bayakoresha imirimo itandukanye.
Kuri Antarctica ushobora kumara amezi 6 ubona izuba ku manywa na ninjoro kuva mu kwezi k’Ukwakira kugera muri Werurwe, icyo gihe akaba ari bwo haza agashyuhe gake kuva kuri degre Selisiyusi 2 munsi ya zero kugera kuri degre Selisiyusi 5 hejuru ya zero, mu gihe mu Rwanda iyo hakonje cyane ibipimo bya thermometer biba byerekana degre Selisiyusi 9 hejuru ya zero.
Icyo gihe cy’impeshyi cyangwa amanywa kuri Antarctica, ni bwo ibinyabuzima bihaba nka ‘krill’, ‘seals’, amafi na ‘penguins’ birya cyane bikabyibuha, bikabika ibinure bizatanga ubushyuhe mu mibiri yabyo mu gihe cy’ubukonje bukabije bumara amezi 6 kuva muri Mata kugera muri Nzeri.
Ibisimba biba mu mazi yo muri Antarctica (hari uduce twaho dushonga tugahinduka amazi atemba), bimenya ko itumba cyangwa ijoro byegereje, bikimukira mu bice bishyuha kandi bikaba bitabyara muri icyo gihe cy’ubukonje.
Amafunguro y’ibitarya inyama akaba ari ibimera byitwa Phytoplankton bikura mu mezi y’amanywa, hamwe na algae zikurira munsi y’urubura, zikaba ari zo ziba amafunguro y’udusimba bita krill tumeze nk’ibishorobwa.
Utu dusimba, uretse kuba ibiryo by’amafi n’ishingiro ry’uruhererekane rw’ibiribwa by’ibisimba n’abantu, bitewe n’uko tugizwe n’ibinure byinshi, tukaba ari two dutanga amavuta yo kwisiga n’imiti itandukanye ikoreshwa mu buvuzi.
Antarctica kandi irimo amafi n’ibindi bisimba by’amoko atandukanye, ahari ubutaka hakaba amabuye y’agaciro nk’ibyuma, amakara ya kamere, zahabu, copper, nickel n’andi, hakaba peterori na gaz kamere, n’ubwo bitemewe kuhakorera ubucukuzi, bitewe n’amasezerano yo kurinda uwo mugabane yashyizweho umukono mu mwaka wa 1959.
Antarctica ifite akamaro kanini mu bushakashatsi kuko igaragaza amateka y’isi y’uburyo yari imeze mu myaka irenga miliyoni ishize, ikaba ifasha abashakashatsi kumenya imihindagurikire y’ibihe hamwe n’impinduka mu miterere y’ibintu bigize isi.
Abahanga mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima bakibaza uburyo hari za mikorobe zibaho mu bukonje bukabije cyane bwo kuri Antarctica. Ni ho bavoma ubuhanga mu bijyanye n’ubuvuzi, ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku binyabuzima, ndetse n’irikoreshwa mu isanzure.
Mu bijyanye no kubungabunga ikirere n’ibidukikije muri rusange, Umugabane wa Antarctica utanga ku isi umwuka n’urubura bisukuye, akaba ari ho bahera bamenya ibice by’isi bihumanye (polluted areas).
Kaminuza ya Oxford mu nyandiko yayo yitwa Antarctic Climate History and Global Climate Changes, ivuga ko ubukonje isi ikomora kuri Antarctica bumira ubushyuhe bukabije buturuka ku zuba (igikorwa cyitwa albedo), bikarinda ubutaka bw’isi n’inyanja gushyuha bikabije, aho umwuka n’umuyaga byumvikana bikonje, ndetse n’amazi y’imigezi, ibiyaga n’inyanja byo hirya no hino ku isi akaba ataza ari umushyuhira kubera ubukonje isi ikomora ku bice byayo bikonje cyane cyane kuri Antarctica.
Ibibuye binini by’urubura bigize umugabane wa Antarctica hamwe n’amazi y’inyanja zakonjeshejwe na byo, bifite uruhare rwo kurinda isi kurimbuka, kuko bitsikamira ibikoma bishyushye biba mu nda y’isi kugira ngo bitazamuka bigakora icyitwa iruka ry’ibirunga, rikunze kujyana n’imitingito.
Mu bibazo Antarctica itewe n’abatuye isi harimo ibikorwa bya muntu byohereza mu kirere imyuka ijya gushwanyaguza akayunguruzo k’izuba kitwa Ozone, ubushobozi bwako bwo gukumira imirasire bukaba burimo kugabanuka, ari byo biteza urubura rwo kuri Antarctica gushongera mu njyanja ngari zigize isi, abazituriye bagatangira kurengerwa.
Izi nyanja iyo zishyushye ku rugero rudasanzwe kandi ari zo zohereza amazi mu kirere akagenda ari ibicu bifite ubuhehere, bigusha imvura iteza imyuzure mu bice yaguyemo. Uruhare rwa Antarctica mu kurinda isi kwibasirwa n’ubu bushyuhe bukabije rukaba rubarirwa hagati ya 80%-90%, nk’uko bitangazwa n’urubuga rw’amakuru avuga kuri uyu mugabane, rwitwa Antarctic Environments Portal.
Kurinda Antarctica ni inshingano za Leta z’ibihugu kubera amasezerano yiswe the Antarctic Treaty’ byashyizeho umukono mu mwaka wa 1959 hamwe na Madrid Protocol yasinywe mu 1991, aho nta bantu bemerewe gukorera ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro kuri uyu mugabane, kuhashyira ibikorwa bya gisirikare cyangwa cyangwa ibindi byose bikora ku bidukikije…Video ivuga kuri iyi nkuru wakanda iyo link https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lJv_9NwY2hw
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