Simon Kamuzinzi
Ubashije kurundarunda ibyatsi, amababi y’ibiti n’ibindi bisigazwa by’ibintu byose bibasha kubora, ukabishyira mu ngarani, ugashyiramo iminyorogoto, birahagije ko nyuma y’amezi abiri watangira gukirigita ifaranga rivuye ku kugurisha ifumbire y’imborera, aho ikiro(kg) kimwe kigurwa amafaranga 200Frw mu cyaro, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’Umwarimu muri kaminuza akaba n’umuhinzi wabigize umwuga.
Abakiriya b’iyi fumbire bari hose mu Rwanda nk’uko Isaac Mubashankwaya abisobanura, bigashimangirwa n’Umuyobozi w’Urugaga rw’Abahinzi mu Rwanda rwitwa Imbaraga mu Ntara y’Ibirengerazuba, François Hakuzimana.
Mubashankwaya afite pariki y’ubuhinzi bwitwa Agroecology mu mudugudu wa Ruzo, Akagari ka Kibari, Umurenge wa Byumba w’Akarere ka Gicumbi, ku butaka bungana na hegitare 4, aho ibintu byose kuri we ari umutungo w’agaciro gakomeye, cyane cyane ibintu bishobora kubora.
Ni icyanya gisurwa na ba mukerarugendo, bakishyura Amadolari ya Amerika 10 mu gihe ari abanyamahanga cyangwa ibihumbi 10 benegihugu.
Uyu Mwarimu muri Kaminuza y’i Byumba yigisha Ubuhinzi, yafashe imbaho avanye mu ishyamba ry’ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka byo muri iyo sambu, azubakisha ingarani, akajya ashyiramo ibisigazwa by’ibyatsi, ibisogororo bivuye mu biraro by’amatungo ye, ndetse n’ibindi bintu byose bishobora kubora.
Mubashankwaya avuga n’iyo izo mbaho zitaboneka, bitavuze ko ingarani idashobora gukorwa mu mikoro buri wese yabasha kubona bitamusabye igishoro kinini.
Mu kigo cya Mubashankwaya cyiswe ‘Center for AgroEcological Practices& Conservation of Nature (CAPCN), n’ubwo bakora ifumbire, ntabwo bemera kuyigurisha kuko yose ngo ikoreshwa mu gufumbira ibihingwa byaho birimo imboga, imbuto, ibinyampeke, ibinyamisogwe, ibinyabijumba, ibiti n’ibyatsi by’amatungo hamwe n’ibivamo imiti y’amoko atandukanye.
Mubashankwaya agira ati “Ifumbire y’imborera igurwa amafaranga 200Frw hano, ni ubucuruzi kuko abaturage baba bayishaka, ariko jyewe ntayo ngurisha kuko nanjye ndayikeneye, ariko hepfo aha hari abandi bayikora bakayigurisha.”
Ati “Kuba igurwa amafaranga 200Frw ku kiro(kg) ni uko ari hano mu cyaro mu baturage basanzwe, uramutse uri i Kigali na 1000Frw bayaguha, ubundi bariya bantu bakusanya ibishingwe mu ngo bagakwiye kuba batwara ibintu bitabora nk’amasashe, udukopo tw’ibyuma, ibintu bya pulasitiki n’ibirahure byamenetse gusa, ubundi wowe ugasigarana ibintu byose bibora ukabikoramo ifumbire y’imborera.”
Mubashankwaya avuga ko abatuye i Kigali baba bakeneye gufumbira indabo zatewe mu mavaze, ‘jardin’ n’uturima tw’imboga, ku buryo ngo bakenera kugura ifumbire y’imborera bakayibura, uretse ko iba inakenewe n’abantu bose babasha guhinga imboga zikabafasha kurwanya imirire mibi.
Barasaba kwibanda ku ifumbire y’imborera, bakamagana gukoresha nabi imvaruganda
Gukoresha nabi ifumbire mvaruganda, uretse kwangiza ubutaka kuko yica udukoko tububamo dushinzwe gutuma burumbuka, iyi fumbire ngo irimo no guteza indwara zinyuranye ku bantu bariye amafunguro cyangwa banyweye amazi irimo, nk’uko Umuryango urengera abaguzi mu Rwanda (ADECOR) ubivuga.
Inyandiko ya ADECOR yiswe ‘Imirire myiza iwacu’ yo muri 2024, izagaragaza uburyo ibiribwa abantu barimo gufungura bibamo ibinyabutabire biteza indwara, biturutse ku gukoresha nabi ifumbire mvaruganda, aho bamwe bashyiramo nyinshi mu mirima hatitawe ku ngaruka byateza.
Impuguke mu bijyanye n’Ubuhinzi ikorera Umuryango Kilimo Trust Rwanda, ukorana na ADECOR, Christophe Ayabagabo, agira ati “Murabizi ko imboga za dodo zikunzwe cyane, kandi kugira ngo zikure vuba abahinzi bafata ifumbire ya URE bakayitoba mu mazi bagasuka mu butaka buhinzwemo izo dodo. Ntabwo ndwanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda, ariko icyo ntashyigikiye ni ukuyikoresha mu buryo budakwiye.”
Ikigo cya Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya indwara(CDC) kivuga ko ifumbire mva ruganda nyinshi iyo igiye mu biribwa(cyane cyane imboga) ziribwa hatarashira iminsi 14 nyuma yo gushyiramo iyo fumbire, mu maraso y’uwariye izo mboga hajyamo ikinyabutabire cyitwa Methemoglobinemia gisimbura imisemburo ya hemoglobin itwara umwuka mwiza mu mubiri.
CDC ikavuga ko iyo umubiri utakirimo kubona umwuka mwiza, cyane cyane uw’umwana, utangira gufatwa n’indwara z’ubuhumekero, umuntu agatangira kubura umwuka, ndetse ko hari n’izindi ndwara zirimo impiswi, kanseri n’impyiko ku bantu bariye cyangwa banyweye kenshi amafunguro arimo ifumbire.
Amashyirahamwe y’abahinzi mu Rwanda arimo Urugaga Imbaraga, akangurira abanyamuryango barwo kwibanda ku ifumbire y’imborera, none ngo iyo fumbire yatangiye kubura kuko ikenewe na benshi(imari ishyushye) mu Rwanda, nk’uko François Hakuzimana uyobora urwo rugaga mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba akomeza abisobanura.
Agira ati “Ifumbire y’imborera irabura kuko itunga uwifite, twebwe turayigura, umuntu ubasha kweza ni ufite ubworozi mu rugo rwe, urumva rero ko ubwo bucuruzi bw’imborera butabura isoko. Nihagira umuntu utubwira ko ayifite tuzayigura nta kibazo.”
Ubushakashatsi Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare NISR cyakoze mu mwaka wa 2024 ku ngo zikora Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi mu Rwanda, bugaragaza ko abakoresha ifumbire y’imborera mu mirima yabo ari 94%.
Gusa amatungo iyo fumbire ikomokaho akaba akiri make kuko mu ngo miliyoni 3 n’ibihumbi birenga 290 ziri mu Rwanda, hari inka miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi birenga 630, ihene miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi birenga 783, intama hafi ibihumbi 440, inkwavu zirenga ibihumbi 785, inkoko zirenga miliyoni 3 n’ibihumbi 861, hamwe n’ingurube zirengaho gato miliyoni imwe.
Nta fumbire mva ruganda cyangwa imiti yica udukoko byemerewe kwinjira mu ifamu ya CAPCN, kuko muri gahunda zabo zose bakoresha uburyo bw’umwimerere, aho bamara guhinga amashu (ni urugero) bakahakikiza ibyatsi byitwa nyiramunukanabi(marigold), ku buryo nta dusimba twona dutinyuka kwegera uwo murima.
Gusa, n’iyo bakeneye umuti wica udukoko n’indwara mu mirima, bafata izo nyiramunukanabi, amababi y’ikibonobono(ricinus), ay’itabi cyangwa tungurusumu n’ibindi bitunguru bisanzwe, bakabivuguta bikavamo umushongi, bakawuvanga n’amazi, bagashyira mu ipompo bagatera ku bihingwa.
Ubuhinzi bushingiye ku bukungu bwisubira
Kwa Mubashankwaya nta kintu na kimwe gishobora gupfushwa ubusa kuko ibibora ari ifumbire, mu gihe ibitabora nk’amapine y’imodoka n’ibindi babishyiramo itaka bigahingwamo, ndetse n’amazi ava ku bisenge by’inzu aho kumanuka ngo ateze isuri, we yayubakiye ikigega cya metero kibe 40 azajya ayabikamo mu gihe cy’imvura, kugira ngo impeshyi nigera ajye ayuhiza imirima n’amatungo.
Kutagira ikintu na kimwe gitakara ni byo byitwa ubukungu bwisubira (ciricular economy) kuko ibintu aho byakajugunywe bigaruka bikabyazwa undi musaruro nk’ifumbire, nk’uko ari yo ntego y’Ikigo mpuzamahanga cyita ku kurengera umutungo kamere (World Ressource Institute/WRI), kikaba ari cyo cyahaye ubumenyi Mubashankwaya na bagenzi be 19 bafite ibigo bito n’ibiciritse hirya no hino mu Gihugu.
Umukozi wa WRI, Tina Nyunga agira ati “Nta rugo mu Rwanda rutagira ibishingwe, umuntu yabikoresha akabikuramo ifumbire cyangwa akabibyaza undi musaruro, mu bigo dukorana hari abahindura ibishingwe bikavamo ibiryo by’amatungo, ifumbire n’ibindi.”
Ubushakashatsi bwigeze gukorwa muri 2020 na Buregeya Paulin uyobora kimwe mu bigo bikusanya ibishingwe cyitwa COOPED, bwamugaragarije ko mu bishingwe bajyana ku kimoteri cy’i Nduba, ibibora bishobora kuvamo ifumbire ari byo byinshi, ndetse ko muri byo ibikomoka ku biribwa yasanze bigize 40% y’ibishingwe byose.
Uretse ibishingwe biva mu ngo, ibiti bikikije imihanda mu Mujyi wa Kigali na byo ngo birimo guhungukaho amababi yabyara ifumbire, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’abahakora isuku, bavuga ko babuze aho bayajugunya.
