Simon Kamuzinzi
Umuryango mpuzamahanga urwanya ruswa n’akarengane, Transparency International uvuga ko mu bihugu 5 byo muri Afurika, harimo n’u Rwanda, wakoreyemo igenzura rya ruswa mu nzego z’uburezi, ugasanga ruswa iri ku kigero cyo hejuru harimo n’ishingiye ku gitsina.
Icyegeranyo cyiswe Corruption Risk Assessment(CRA) cyakozwe na Transparency International muri 2024/2025, kivuga ko hari abanyeshuri baryamana n’abarimu cyangwa abayobozi b’ibigo bakoreramo imenyerezamwuga (stage) kugira ngo babahe amanota, abarezi na bo bakaryamana n’abayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri cyangwa ab’inzego z’ibanze bagira ngo bahabwe akazi.
Transparency International ikaba isaba inzego za Leta muri ibyo bihugu bya Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo(DRC), u Rwanda, Madagascar, Ghana na Zimbabwe, gufata ingamba zo kurwanya ruswa, hakaba hashyirwaho uburyo bwizewe bwo gutanga amakuru.
Hari ibyago bingana na 4.3 kuri 5 by’uko abanyeshuri b’abakobwa n’abagore biga mu mashuri makuru n’ay’imyuga baba basabwa ruswa ishingiye ku gitsina iyo bahuye n’abayobozi b’ibigo bibafasha kwimenyereza umwuga, nk’uko bisobanurwa n’abantu babajijwe mu mushinga wa Transparency witwa the Inclusive Service Delivery in Africa(ISDA).
Transparency International ikavuga kandi ko hari ikimenyane, icyenewabo no gutanga amanota y’ubuntu bishingiye kuri ruswa, aho ababajijwe bavuga ko ibi bishoboka ku rugero rwa 4.2/5 mu mashuri abanza n’ay’isumbuye kugira ngo abayobozi b’ibigo hamwe n’ab’inzego z’ibanze bemere abarimu n’abakozi bashya muri ibyo bigo.
Uyu muryango urwanya ruswa n’akarengane kandi ukavuga ko hari abakozi b’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ibizanimi n’Ubugenzuzi bw’Amashuri, NESA batanga amashuri yifuzwa n’abanyeshuri nyuma y’uko ababyeyi babo batanze ruswa kuri abo bakozi, bikaba bivugwa ko bishoboka ku rugero rwa 4.1 kuri 5.
Abanyeshuri bajya kwimenyereza umwuga mu bigo bikora imirimo ihuye n’ibyo biga, baravugwaho gutanga ruswa, harimo n’ishingiye ku gitsina, ku bagenzuzi babo kugira ngo bahabwe amanota bifuza yo kujya kwereka ishuri bigamo ko bakoze neza imenyerezamwuga(internship).
Ababajijwe kandi bavuga ko abarimu n’abakozi b’abagore bahura n’ibyago byo koherezwa kure y’akazi kabo bitewe n’uko batatanze ruswa y’imibonano mpuzabitsina ku bayobozi b’ibigo by’amashuri cyangwa ku nzego z’ibanze zifite uruhare mu gutanga transferi.
Dieudonné Manirakiza ukorera Umuryango Transparency International, Ishami ry’u Rwanda, avuga ko intambwe u Rwanda rumaze kurusha ibindi bihugu ari uko Itegeko rirwanya ruswa ryemera ko ruswa ishingiye ku gitsina ari ubwoko bwa ruswa bwihariye.
Manirakiza agira ati “Icyo dusaba ni uko hashyirwaho politiki zinoze zigamije gutuma habaho kurwanya buno bwoko bwa ruswa ishingiye ku gitsina, ariko noneho hagashyirwaho n’uburyo bwizewe bwo gutanga amakuru.”
Icyegeranyo CRA cya Transparency gikomeza kigaragaza ko hari abarimu n’abategura ibizamini basaba ruswa y’amafaranga n’ibindi, kugira ngo bakopeze abanyeshuri cyangwa baze gutanga amanota menshi ku banyeshuri batangiwe iyo ruswa, nk’uko ababajijwe na Transparency bavuga ko ibi bishoboka ku rugero rwa 4.7/5.
Abagemura ibiribwa ku mashuri na bo bararegwa guha ruswa abayobozi b’ibigo kugira ngo bemere ibyo kurya bike bitujuje ingano y’ibyo bemereye Leta, cyangwa ibitujuje ubuziranenge, ku giciro gihanitse kiba kigomba kuzishyurwa na Leta.
Ibyo biribwa byagenewe abanyeshuri kandi ngo hari ibinyerezwa bikajya guhabwa abo bitagenewe hanze y’amashuri, bigateza abanyeshuri gufata amafunguro adahagije, nk’uko ababajijwe 4/5 bavuga ko ibi bishobora kuba bikorwa.
Umuryango Transparency International ukaba kandi ko hari ibigo byigisha abafite ubumuga na byo bisaba ruswa ababyeyi b’abo bana, kugira ngo byemere kibigisha.
Uyu muryango ukaba uvuga ko Intego z’Iterambere rirambye zaba zitarimo kugendera ku nsanganyamatsiko ivuga ko ‘nta muntu n’umwe ugomba gusigara inyuma’, mu gihe abagore n’abakobwa, abafite ubumuga n’ibindi byiciro by’abaturage bitari ku rwego rumwe n’abandi, byaba bikomeje guhezwa cyangwa gukorerwa ihohoterwa.
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