1/4 cy’ikinyejana kirarangiye, dore iby’ingenzi byabaye mu Rwanda kugeza ubu

Tariki ya 01 Mutarama 2000 ubwo ikinyejana cya 21 cyari gitangiye, hari imbaga y’abaturage baraye muri Sitade Amahoro, bamwe bari bamaze kurya utwabo bibwira ko imperuka iza kuba, batungurwa no kubona baramutse amahoro nta kidasanzwe kibaye. Ubu imyaka 25 ihwanye na 1/4 cy’ikinyejana irarangiye.

Mu bindi by’ingenzi byakomeje kubaho mu Rwanda muri iyi myaka 25 ishize, icyo twibuka ni uko ku itariki 23 Werurwe 2000, uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda, Pasteur Bizimungu, yeguye ku mirimo ye, asimburwa na Paul Kagame wari Visi Perezida akaba na Minisitiri w’Ingabo icyo gihe.

Perezida Kagame yahise atangiza impinduka zikomeye mu Rwanda kuva muri 2000/2001 aho amakomine yavanyweho hagashyirwaho uturere duto twageraga ku 106, ibyari Perefegitura 12 bihindurirwa inyito byitwa intara.

Mu Rwanda hatangijwe Politiki yo kwegereza Ubuyobozi n’Ubushobozi abaturage (Decentralisation), hatangizwa Politiki y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge aho muri 2002 hashyizweho Inkiko Gacaca zo gucira imanza abari barakoze Jenoside mu 1994.

Mu mwaka wa 2003 mu kwezi kwa Gatanu, ni bwo Itegeko Nshinga ryatowe binyuze muri Referandumu, ndetse na Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame akaba ari bwo yatowe n’Abaturage bwa mbere mu kwezi kwa Kanama k’uwo mwaka.

Mu mwaka wa 2003-2004 habayeho kubura umuriro w’amashanyarazi hose mu Rwanda bitewe n’ikama ry’Igishanga cy’Urugezi kivamo amazi atanga amashanyarazi ku ngomero za Mukungwa na Ntaruka.

Gukama k’Urugezi kwatumye hashyirwaho Politiki nyinshi zirimo iyo kororera mu biraro, kuko icyo gishanga hari aho cyakamijwe no kuragiramo amatungo, kugihingamo no gutema ibyatsi byarimo babikoresha imirimo itandukanye.

Hashyizweho kandi Politiki y’Ibidukikije yo kurinda ibishanga, imigezi n’ibiyaga, aho nta muntu kugeza ubu uhinga mu bishanga bikomye ndetse nta n’ugomba guhinga yegera imigezi, ibiyaga n’ibishanga kugera muri metero 50.

Muri uko kurinda inkombe z’imigezi, ibiyaga n’ibishanga kandi, mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba cyane cyane Akarere ka Bugesera ndetse n’agace k’Amayaga mu Majyepfo, hatangiye guterwa ibiti bikumira isuri (ibyo biti byiswe Amashyamba ya Mukankomeje wayoboraga Ikigo REMA).

Imisozi itandukanye hirya no hino mu Gihugu na yo yatangiye gushyirwaho amaterasi, bikozwe ahanini n’imfungwa zabaga zemeye zikihana ibyaha bya Jenoside (Abatigiste) mu cyitwaga imirimo nsimburagifungo ifitiye igihugu akamaro TIG (gahunda yakomeye cyane ahagana muri 2006).

Mu mwaka wa 2006 ni bwo uturere duto 106 twavuyeho hashyirwaho imirenge 416 igize Uturere 30 turiho ubu, ndetse n’intara ziragabanywa zisigara ari enye hamwe n’Umujyi wa Kigali.

Mu rwego rwo gusagurira amahanga umutekano, Ingabo na Polisi by’u Rwanda batangiye kujya mu butumwa bw’Amahoro hirya no hino muri Afurika kuva mu mwaka wa 2007, hamwe na hamwe bakaba bajyayo mu butumwa bw’Umuryango w’Abibumbye(UN) cyane cyane muri Sudan, Sudan y’Epfo na Repubulika ya Santarafurika.

Mu rwego rw’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, muri 2006 ni bwo Umucamanza w’Umufaransa, Jean Louis Bruguière, yatangazaga raporo yamwitiriwe ishinja Abasirikare bakuru b’u Rwanda guhanura indege y’uwari Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana ku itariki 06 Mata 1994.

U Rwanda rwakomeje kugirana ibibazo n’u Bufaransa ku buryo muri 2008 ku itariki 09 Ugushyingo, Rose Kabuye wari muri abo basirikare bakuru bashinjwaga, yafatiwe ku Kibuga cy’indege cya Frankfurt mu Budage, ajyanwa mu Bufaransa aho yaburaniye akaza kurekurwa ndetse n’ibirego biza gukurwaho muri Mata 2009.

Uwari Maj Rose Kabuye yarekuwe nyuma y’imyigaragambyo myinshi yari ikomeje kubera hirya no hino mu mijyi y’u Rwanda cyane cyane muri Kigali, aho Abanyarwanda bamagana Abafaransa n’Abadage.

Mu mwaka wa 2008 Perezida Kagame yayoboye gahunda yo gusaranganya amasambu, nyuma y’ibirego by’abaturage b’amikoro make bavugaga ko abayobozi bakuru bari barikubiye ubutaka, bo bagasigara ntaho guhinga no kororera bagira.

Muri 2007-2009 gahunda yo guhuza ubutaka no guhinga igihingwa kimwe (Land Consolidation and Crop Intensification Program) yarimo gushyirwamo imbaraga cyane ku buryo igabanuka ry’amasaka n’ibijumba hari henshi ryateje ibibazo hagati y’abayobozi n’abaturage babashinja kubirandura bakabisimbuza ibigori n’ibishyimbo.

Iyo myaka ya 2007 kugera muri 2011 yanabaye igihe cyo guhindura imiturire, kuko ari bwo gahunda yo guca nyakatsi n’iyo gutuzwa mu midugudu zarimo guhabwa imbaraga cyane hirya no hino mu bice by’icyaro, ku buryo abatuye mu Mudugudu bavuye kuri 17.6% muri 2005/2006 bagera kuri 65% muri 2022.

Ni mu gihe kandi inzu za nyakatsi zari ku rugero rwa 9.8% muri 2005/2006 zakuweho zisigara ari 0% muri 2016/2017, nk’uko Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare NISR kibigaragaza mu gitabo cy’imibare y’ingenzi mu Rwanda cya 2024.

Mu rwego rw’Uburezi, mu mwaka wa 2008 ni bwo Leta y’u Rwanda yahagaritse kwigisha mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa mu mashuri yose kuva mu yabanza kugera muri Kaminuza, ubwo yiteguraga kwinjira mu muryango wa Commonwealth w’ibihugu bikoresha Icyongereza muri 2009, ndetse akaba ari bwo u Rwanda rwinjiye mu muryango wa Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.

Muri uwo mwaka wa 2009 kandi, ni bwo Leta y’u Rwanda yatangije gahunda y’Uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 9 na 12, mu rwego gufasha umubare munini w’abashoboraga guhagarika kwiga, bitewe n’uko babaga batatsinze ibizamini bya Leta ngo bemererwe kujya kwiga mu mashuri make cyane mu Gihugu yigwamo n’abacumbika kure y’imiryango yabo.

Muri 2006-2009 mu Mujyi wa Kigali ni bwo hubakwaga umuturirwa wa Kigali City Tower wabaye uwa mbere mu burebure (amagorofa 18), wubakwa ahahoze Gare yo mu Mujyi, bijyana no guca utumodoka twa taxi(hiace) duto kuko hari haje za coaster.

Ni mu gihe Convention Centre na yo yarimo kubakwa kuva muri 2007 kugera muri 2016, aho Abaturage bahoze batuye mu buryo bw’akajagari mu Rugando no mu Kiyovu cyo hepfo y’umuhanda wo kuri Peage(hitwaga mu Kiyovu cy’abakene) abenshi bimuriwe mu midugudu y’i Batsinda aho bari bamaze kubakirwa.

Muri 2009 kandi Sosiyete y’Itumanaho ya MTN (yari imaze imyaka 10 ikorera mu Rwanda) yabonye mukeba wayo witwaga Tigo, ndetse na nyuma yaho muri 2010 haza Airtel, akaba ari bwo(muri 2009) nimero za SIM cards za MTN zahindutse ziva ku gukanda 08..biba 078…, ndetse imibare y’abakoresha 0788… iruzura haza abakoresha 0783.. (yitwaga Manoyinanga).

Muri 2010 Perezida wa Repubulika, Paul Kagame, yongeye gutorwa n’abaturage muri Manda ya kabiri, mu bihe bitari byoroshye byaranzwe no kuvuka kw’imitwe n’amashyaka yavuzweho kurwanya Leta y’u Rwanda, ku isonga hari abayoborwa na Kayumba Nyamwasa wari wahunze muri Mutarama uwo mwaka, abisikana na Ingabire Victoire waje aturutse mu Buholandi.

Muri 2011 Irimbi rya Kimironko-Remera ryarafunzwe nyuma yo kuzura, hafungurwa irya Rusororo, na ryo kugeza ubu rikaba ryatangiye kubura aho kuruhukira ku barangiza ubuzima bwa hano ku isi.

Muri 2010-2012 Leta y’u Rwanda yashyizeho gahunda yo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro ya internet (murandasi) mu butaka, ku buryo benshi batangiye gucika ku ikoreshwa rya telefone zitwa gatushe bajya ku zitwa taci (smart phones), mudasobwa za desktop zitangira kwibagirana hagwira laptops, televiziyo na zo hatangira gukoreshwa iza flat screen bacika ku zimeze nk’ibikono.

Muri 2013 Ikigega Agaciro Development Fund cyari cyarashinzwe muri 2008, cyatangiye guhabwa imbaraga mu rwego rwo kuziba icyuho cy’inkunga zahabwaga u Rwanda ubwo amahanga yari atangiye kuvuga ko azazihagarika arushinja gutera inkunga M23 ya mbere.

Ubu ikigega Agaciro Development Fund kivugwaho kuba kibitse amafaranga y’u Rwanda hafi miliyari 300, akaba yaragenewe kunganira imishinga y’Iterambere ya Leta igizwe ahanini no kubaka ibikorwaremezo.

Muri uwo mwaka wa 2013 kandi inganda z’i Kigali zatangiye kwimukira ahitwa muri Kigali Special Economic Zone i Masoro, zivuye mu bishanga by’i Gikondo, ubu byatangiye gutunganyirizwa ubukerarugendo, kubika amazi, kugabanya imyuzure no kuyungurura kugira ngo amazi ajye asohoka i Kigali ari urubogobogo kandi adahumanya ibinyabuzima.

Umwaka wa 2014 wakomerejemo imirimo yo kwimura inganda zari mu bishanga, gutera imbere kw’ikoranabuhanga rya Digital abantu bava mu byitwa Analogue cyane cyane mu itangazamakuru ry’amajwi n’amashusho, aho televiziyo na Radio bisigaye bitangaza amashusho bikoresheje decoderi aho gukoresha antene.
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Mu mwaka wa 2015 miliyoni z’Abanyarwanda zari zirimo gutura amakarito yuzuye amabaruwa ku Nteko ishinga Amategeko, basaba ihindurwa ry’Ingingo ya 101 y’Itegeko Nshinga kugira ngo Umukuru w’Igihugu yemererwe kongera kwiyamamaza muri 2017, nk’umuntu babonaga ukomeje kubageza ku iterambere rihambaye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga.

Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka wa 2015 ni bwo habayeho ivugururwa ry’ingingo zirimo iya 101 z’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda, binyuze muri Referandumu yabaye tariki 18-19 Ukuboza 2015, bikaba byaratumye abaturage bemererwa kongera gutora Umukuru w’Igihugu uriho ubu.

Umwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2016, Inyubako ya Convention Centre yari yuzuye, ikaba yaratashywe n’Abakuru b’Ibihugu byo hirya no hino ku isi, guhera ku nama y’Abakuru b’ibihugu bigize Umuryango wa Afurika yunze Ubumwe(AU) yabaye tariki 17-18 Nyakanga 2016, ikaba yararangiye Perezida Kagame agizwe Umuyobozi w’Amavugurura ya gahunda za AU.

Mu kwezi k’Ukwakira k’uwo mwaka wa 2016 ku itariki 15, na none muri Convention Centre habereye Inama mpuzamahanga yo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano ya Montreal na Paris, agamije kugabanya imyuka ya HFCs iteza imihindagurikire y’ibihe.

Mu mwaka wa 2016 kandi, ku itariki ya 16 Ukwakira, ni bwo Umwami wa nyuma wategetse u Rwanda, Kigeli V Ndahindurwa yatangaga(yapfuye), umugogo(umurambo) we uza kuzanwa mu Rwanda uvuye muri Amerika ku itariki ya 09 Mutarama 2017 (bigizwemo uruhare runini n’uwari Pasiteri Ezra Mpyisi witabye Imana muri Mutarama 2024). Kigeli yatabarijwe(yashyinguwe) i Mwima y’i Nyanza ku itariki ya 15 Mutarama 2017.

Ku itariki 04 z’Ukwezi kwa Kanama muri 2017 Perezida Kagame yongeye gutsinda amatora nyuma yo kubona amajwi 98.7%, ndetse na nyuma yaho muri 2018 Umuryango ayobora wa FPR Inkotanyi wegukanye intsinzi mu Nteko ishinga Amategeko, aho Uburinganire bwatangiye guhesha u Rwanda izina rikomeye mu mahanga nyuma y’uko abadepite b’abagore bagize ubwiganze bwa 61%.

Umwaka wa 2019 waranzwe n’ibikorwa byinshi, ariko mu by’ingenzi nta wabura kuvuga ko ari bwo Inyubako ya BK Arena(yatangiye yitwa Kigali Arena) yari imaze kubakwa, itahwa na Perezida Kagame ku itariki ya 09 Kanama, itangira kwakira imikino ya basketball, volleyball, ibitaramo n’indi myidagaduro.

Umwaka wa 2019 kandi wabayemo amasiganwa y’amagare yiswe Tour du Rwanda, Ubukangurambaga bwa Polisi y’u Rwanda bwiswe Gerayo Amahoro n’ibindi, hategerezwa umwaka wo kwishimira Vision 2020, cyane ko umusaruro mbumbe w’Igihugu wari umaze kwikuba inshuro zirenga 5 kuva muri 2000-2020, aho wari wavuye ku madolari ya Amerika miliyari 2.07$ ugera kuri miliyari 10.17$.

Umwaka wa 2019 kandi wabayemo akazi gakomeye ko kwimura burundu abari batuye mu bishanga by’i Kigali hamwe n’abibikoreragamo, aho inganda zari zisigaye zahise zimukira muri Kigali Special Economic Zone, abaturage na bo bamwe bubakirwa imidugudu i Karama (Norvege), Gikomero, Rutunga, Mageragere, Kanyinya n’ahandi.

Gusa hari ikintu gikomeye cyari kirimo gututumba mu mpera za 2019, icyo ni icyorezo cyiswe COVID-19 n’ubwo cyavugwaga ahitwa i Wuhan mu Bushinwa abantu bakabifata nk’ibisanzwe.

Ku itariki ya 14 Werurwe 2020 mu Rwanda hatangajwe ko umuntu wa mbere yanduye COVID-19! Nyuma yaho ku itariki ya 21 Werurwe abantu bose mu Gihugu ndetse n’ahandi ku isi basabwa kwikingiranira mu ngo zabo(Guma mu rugo)!

Bwari ubwa mbere mu mateka ya muntu kubona ingendo zose zihagarikwa, insengero, amashuri, salle z’ubukwe, inzu z’imyidagaduro,…byose birafungwa.

Amabwiriza yari akomeye kurusha Amategeko, aho abantu bose basabwaga kwambara agapfukamunwa, gukaraba intoki aho bageze hose(ubwo ingendo zari zitangiye koroshwa), guhana intera, gutaha kare nka saa kumi n’ebyiri, saa moya, saa mbiri, ndetse no gushyira mu kato uduce tumwe na tumwe tw’Igihugu.

Guma mu rugo yajyanaga no gutanga ibiribwa ku batuye mu mujyi bashyizwe mu kato kuko batari bemerewe gusohoka ngo bajye guhaha. Gusa imyaka hari ubwo itabonaga abayisarura ngo ive mu mirima, ku buryo imwe yahaboreye (urugero ni ibitunguru i Rubavu byabuze ababisarura byangirikira mu mirima).

Icyo gihe umuntu wafatwaga n’isaha akiri mu nzira ataragera mu rugo, uwabaga atambaye agapfukamunwa, uwafatwaga ahoberana n’undi cyangwa begeranye,…yahitaga ajyanwa kwirirwa cyangwa kurara muri Sitade? Dore ko indamukanyo y’amacense yasimbuye guhana ibiganza!

Umwaka wa 2020 warangiye hari abarenga ibihumbi 8 bavugwaho kuba bararwaye COVID-19. N’ubwo imibare y’abandura n’abapfa yari ikomeje kwiyongera, ‘Guma mu rugo’ yari ikomeje mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’Igihugu, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda icyo bwazamutse ku rugero rwa 0% mu gihe imyaka yabanje bwari bugeze ku kuzamuka ku rugero rwa 10%.

Mu mwaka wa 2021 ubwo kwambara agapfukamunwa, gukaraba intoki, kwirinda kwegerana na Guma mu rugo byari bikomeje, hahise hatangira gahunda yo gukingira mu kwezi kwezi kwa Gashyantare, bahereye ku bantu bahura n’abantu benshi nk’abaganga, abagize inzego z’umutekano n’abandi.

Muri 2021 Amashuri yongeye gufungura biba ngombwa ko abana bari bamaze umwaka batiga basa n’abasibiye, ndetse mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri y’incuke hamwe n’uwa mbere w’amashuri abanza hadutswemo n’ubucucike bukabije, kuko hari abagombaga gutangira kwiga basanzemo abari baratangiye muri 2020.

Gahunda y’uburezi bw’ibanze bw’imyaka 9 na 12 yari yaratangiye muri 2009 yongeye kuganirwaho mu Nama y’Abaminisitiri, hafatwa umwanzuro wo kubaka ibyumba by’amashuri bishya bigera kuri 22,505 hirya no hino mu Gihugu mu rwego rwo kugabanya ubucucike. Ni bwo havutse za G.S nshyashya zunganira izari zarubatswe muri 2009.

Kuva muri uwo mwaka wa 2021 no mu yindi yawubanjirije, u Rwanda rwari rukomeje imyiteguro y’Inana ikomeye ku Isi, Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting(CHOGM), ikaba ari inama iba buri myaka ibiri igahuza abakuru b’ibihugu birenga 50 bikoresha ururimi rw’Icyongereza.

Mu bidasanzwe byakozwe mu Rwanda kubera CHOGM hari aho abantu basabwe amabwiriza y’isuku adasanzwe ku mubiri no ku nzu babamo cyangwa bakoreramo.
Imihanda ya kaburimbo yarakozwe ku bwinshi cyane cyane i Kigali no mu yindi mijyi mito y’u Rwanda, ariko noneho muri iyo nama hakaba haraje igitangaza cyerekana aho ubwenge bwa muntu bugeze, umuntu w’umukorano wiswe Sophia yasuye u Rwanda.

Icyakora umwaka wa 2022 wari watangiranye n’intambara 2 ku isi zikomeje koreka imbaga, iya Ukraine n’u Burusiya muri Gashyantare 2022 hamwe n’iya M23/AFC mu Burasirazuba bwa Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo(DRC), kandi zose zagiye zigira ingaruka ku Rwanda mu buryo buziguye n’ubutaziguye.

Ingaruka zikomeye zatewe n’intambara y’u Burusiya na Ukraine ndetse n’ibisigisigi bya COVID-19, zatangiye kwigaragaza cyane muri 2023 aho ibiciro ku isoko byari bikomeje gutumbagira, ku buryo mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga na Kanama k’uwo mwaka hari aho ikiro(kg) cy’ibirayi cyaguzwe amafaranga y’u Rwanda 2,000Frw.

Ibiza byari bimaze imyaka bihitana ubuzima bw’abantu bikangiza n’ibyabo, byatumye muri 2023 na 2024 Leta yimura ibihumbi by’abaturage hirya no hino mu Mujyi wa Kigali bavugwagaho kuba batuye mu manegeka (ahantu hahanamye n’ahegereye ibishanga). Ubu bakomeje gutakira Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ngo ibavuganire babone aho kuba.

Muri 2024 Perezida Kagame yongeye gutsinda amatora, akomeza kuyobora u Rwanda muri Manda nshya y’imyaka itanu aho kuba irindwi, ndetse akaba ari bwo amatora yahujwe n’ay’Abadepite.

Gahunda yo kurahira k’Umukuru w’Igihugu yakorewe muri Sitade Amahoro ku itariki ya 11 Kanama 2024, nyuma yo kuvugururwa no gutwikirwa ndetse ikagira imyanya yo kwicaramo igera ku bihumbi 45.

Imyaka ya 2024-2025 ntabwo yahiriye imiryango ishingiye ku kwemera (amadini n’amatotero), aho insengero zabo zirenga ibihumbi 9 zifunze kubera kutubahiriza ibisabwa by’ahantu hatekanye, ariko hakaba n’izafunzwe burundu kubera gushinjwa amakimbirane, amacakubiri no kutubahiriza zimwe muri gahunda za Leta.

Umwaka wa 2025 urangiye u Rwanda rukataje mu kurengera ibidukikije no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe, aho ubuhinzi bugiye kwibanda ku kuhira imyaka, gutwara abantu bikaba bigiye kwibanda kuri bisi rusange cyane cyane izikoresha amashanyarazi, imiturire na yo ikaba igiye kuvugururwa abantu bakaba mu nzu za rusange aho gutura intagarane, bikazakorwa mu rwego rwo gukoresha neza ubutaka buto Igihugu gifite.

Indangamuntu nshya y’ikoranabuhanga yatangiye gusabwa, ikazatangira gutangwa muri uyu mwaka utangiye wa 2026, ifaranga koranabuhanga ryiswe CBDC rimaze kwigwaho ku buryo uyu mwaka wa 2026 uzarangira ritangiye gukoreshwa, byose bikaba birimo kuganisha ku cyerekezo 2050.

Gusa mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bikomeje kuba ibicika hagati ya M23/AFC na Leta y’icyo gihugu, ibirego bikaba bishyirwa ku Rwanda, ndetse umubano warwo na bamwe mu baturanyi ukaba utifashe neza kubera iyo ntambara.